 Swanke Hayden Connell Architects designed the new 100,000 gross s/f Spruce Street Educational Campus. Built for the NYC School Construction Authority (SCA), this Primary/Intermediate School is built within the podium of a new Frank Gehry designed 76-story residential tower and accommodates 648 students from pre-kindergarten through 8th grade. Challenges stem from composing the school within larger mixed-use iconic tower, balancing its needs and requirements within the tower. Swanke worked closely with FCRC &amp; A/E tower team to meet the needs of the SCA, for the school. By incorporating curvilinear forms within the volume in both the vertical and horizontal planes, the design respects the tower's unusual form. The "Main Street" walls at the interior are subtly shaped in curvilinear forms to contrast with the smooth rectilinear walls of the classrooms, thus serves to activate the corridors. The stadium-style auditorium creates a dynamic form in section, which creates a striking double-height school lobby entry at the Ground Floor with a curvilinear sloped ceiling flowing into the cafeteria seating area. 

Spruce Street School, PS 397

 Joe Aliotta on the design and use of Spruce Street School. 

The statue was initially called Liberty Enlightening the World and was meant as a gift from France to the United States, celebrating the country&rsquo;s independence. At first, the statue was assembled in pieces, with financing for the project proving to be difficult.The torch-bearing arm was first displayed in Philadelphia at the Centennial Exposition in 1876 and the head was exhibited at the Paris World&rsquo;s Fair in 1878.The statue was completed in France in 1884, but money was still needed to complete the pedestal in New York. Eventually, a donations drive spearheaded by publisher Joseph Pulitzer attracted over 100,000 contributions and the pedestal was finished by April 1886.

Even though it was raining, that did not stop the days worth of festivities for the Statue of Liberty's unveiling where over a million people participated. &nbsp;The day began with a long parade from Madison Square to Battery Park. &nbsp;It was considered the largest parade in New York to date. &nbsp;By the time it reached lower Broadway people working along Broadway opened their windows and spontaneously threw the tape from stock tickers onto the street. &nbsp;From there a flotilla of 300 vessels bedecked in red white and blue sailed to Bedloe's Island for the official ceremony. &nbsp;Dignitaries included President Grover Cleveland. &nbsp;Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi himself was supposed to drop the tarp that covered the crown at a signal from one of his assistants who gave the signal too a little too soon and the statue was unveiled in the middle of a speech by Senator William M Evarts. &nbsp;The events were capped off by a fireworks display. &nbsp;

 Cleaned the statue. There was a huge celebration with fireworks 

The statue's internal structure of wrought iron trusses is an early example of the skeleton frame engineered by A. Gustav Eiffel. The frame, which at 151 feet equals the height of a 15-story building, supports the exterior copper "curtain wall" of Liberty's garments.<a href="https://culturenow.org/people/the-skyscraper-museum?name=The_Skyscraper_Museum">[1]</a>&nbsp;Located on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, the Statue of Liberty was a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States and is one of the most universal symbols of political freedom and liberty. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886. It became a World Heritage Site in 1984. The island was extensively restored and reopened on July 4, 1986, shortly before the Statue's centennial in October 1986. The island is open to the public.Donated by citizens of France to celebrate Franco-American friendship, the Statue of Liberty is significant for its physical and symbolic characteristics. Richard Morris Hunt prepared the plans for the 89 foot high pedestal; French engineer Alexandre Gustav Eiffel designed the iron framework which supports the copper sheathing. Many consider this frame noteworthy in itself, because of its ability to support an irregularly-shaped structure subject to high winds. Symbolically, the Statue of Liberty reflects the political ideals of the late nineteenth century. It commemorates America's founding principles of liberty, freedom, and opportunity in America for all. More than sixteen million immigrants passed by the Statue of Liberty on the way to the Ellis Island Immigration Station.President Grover Cleveland gave a speech. Mayor Grace presented the freedom of the city. The very first Ticker tape parade followed soon after.A nautical parade began at 12:45 p.m., and President Cleveland embarked on a yacht that took him across the harbor to Bedloe's Island for the dedication. De Lesseps made the first speech, on behalf of the French committee, followed by the chairman of the New York committee, Senator William M. Evarts. A French flag draped across the statue's face was to be lowered to unveil the statue at the close of Evarts's speech, but Bartholdi mistook a pause as the conclusion and let the flag fall prematurely. The ensuing cheers put an end to Evarts's address. President Cleveland spoke next, stating that the statue's "stream of light shall pierce the darkness of ignorance and man's oppression until Liberty enlightens the world". Bartholdi, observed near the dais, was called upon to speak, but he declined. Orator Chauncey M. Depew concluded the speechmaking with a lengthy address.

Summer 1878 Statue's head and plans for completion placed on display at Paris World's Fair, Exposition Universelle.The torch-bearing arm&nbsp;was first displayed&nbsp;in Philadelphia at the Centennial Exposition in 1876 and the head&nbsp;was exhibited&nbsp;at the Paris World&rsquo;s Fair in 1878.

Information booth at base of arm and two persons seen at railing below flame of torch.The torch-bearing arm&nbsp;was first displayed&nbsp;in Philadelphia at the Centennial Exposition in 1876 and the head&nbsp;was exhibited&nbsp;at the Paris World&rsquo;s Fair in 1878.

Statue of Liberty National Monument

 Jean Parker Phifer, NYC architect and author of Public Art New York, reads a selection on the Statue of Liberty, located on Liberty Island in NY Harbor. 

 Historian Barry Moreno details the history of Lady Liberty, from her construction in France to her thousands of tours daily. 

General Assembly of United Nations votes to construct headquarters in New York City.

 The United Nations Headquarters was designed by an international committee of architects chaired by Wallace K. Harrison. It was championed by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., who donated a site initially assembled for real estate purposes by William Zeckendorf. Its 18-acre plot is now an international zone belonging to all Member States. The architectural team included well-known architects Oscar Niemeyer &amp; Le Corbusier, along with representatives of eleven other countries. The narrow slab of the UN's Secretariat Building is 39 stories and only 72 feet thick while rising some 544 feet above plaza base. Overall, the Headquarters consist of 4 main buildings: the General Assembly building, the Conference Building, the Secretariat building, &amp; the Dag Hammarskjold Library, added in 1961. To help link the development with the rest of Manhattan to the west, under the direction of Robert Moses, 1st Ave. traffic was diverted into a tunnel making way for United Nations Plza. above. Similarly, the FDR also passes beneath the conference center building. The complex is currently slated for a major refurbishment designed to upgrade its mechanical systems &amp; environmental characteristics. 

United Nations Headquarters

An international architecture, interiors and historic preservation firm with U.S. headquarters in New York City

Swanke Hayden Connell Architects

Recognized as one of NYC's premier landmark restaurants, the Tavern on the Green's 1871 building was originally constructed in 1871 as a sheepfold and was converted to a restaurant in 1934. The building went through numerous inappropriate renovations and additions, tripling the restaurant's area and concealing its historic character. Following the restaurant's closing, the NYC DDC commissioned Swanke to perform a conditions assessment and rehabilitation of the building envelope and infrastructure for a subsequent interior fit-out by a new restaurant concessionaire. 

The team determined the smallest footprint required to maintain a financially-viable restaurant. Based upon the deterioration, it was more cost-effective to remove the non-contributing additions rather than rehabilitate. The building was reduced from 31,000 sf to 14,436 sf. Using materials closely matching the originals, the team restored or replicated original building components that were deteriorated or removed from the original structure. Due to structural and programmatic considerations, the 1934 footprint couldn't be restored. However, the team cut back the truncated wings to reconstruct two missing historic dormers and create a new glass pavilion, sympathetic to the historic building. The building will obtain LEED Silver. 

The project has reinvented a restaurant that is now accessible to all New Yorkers and visitors, respectful of the history of the building and will return it to its iconic status as the 'Jewel of Central Park.' 

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